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===== Questions with Incomplete Answers ===== | ===== Questions with Incomplete Answers ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Fun facts about FRIB ==== | ||
+ | * Will be the world-leading rare isotope facility, with the most powerful heavy-ion beams | ||
+ | * Accelerates heavy ions to ~50% of the speed of light | ||
+ | * Produces rare isotopes that are radioactive and short-lived; never found on Earth, but stars make them! | ||
+ | * Is expected to discover ~1000 new isotopes (varieties of elements that have never been observed) | ||
+ | * Will serve over 1500 researchers from 50+ countries | ||
+ | * Facility consists of four buildings, 565,000 gross square feet | ||
+ | * Underground tunnel: 570 feet long, 70 feet wide, 13 feet high; floor is 32 feet underground | ||
+ | * Total Project Cost: $730 million, mostly funded by the US Department of Energy Office of Science | ||
+ | * Home to the #1 US nuclear physics graduate program | ||
+ | * Planned to come online in early 2022 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Why is the cycstopper standing on end, rather than lying flat like the K500/K1200? ==== | ||
+ | //(from Stefan Schwarz)// Main technical reason: the cyc-stopper is better at accepting large beams (in terms of emittance, i.e. beam width times angle) in its axial = horizontal direction, as built. | ||
+ | A bit of background: for the beam to stop efficiently in gas stoppers, it needs to have less energy spread than what we typically get from the A1900. | ||
+ | |||
+ | To reduce that energy spread we use what’s known as momentum compression, i.e. the process of removing longitudinal energy spread with the help of a dispersive element (big dipole magnets in N3/4) and matched wedge-shaped degraders. However, since we bend/disperse the beam horizontally, the beam quality suffers in that plane. The cyc-stopper’s acceptance is higher in the horizontal direction when ‘standing’, so it’s able to make up for the larger beam emittance in that plane. | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are also practical reasons: as built, the stopped beam will come out on the fixed south side of the magnet through the central bore. It’s a lot easier to construct an extraction beam line with this concept than taking the beam out through the top or bottom half in a ‘flat’ orientation. Also, access and work on the low-energy ion guides (carpets, conveyor) is a lot easier that way. | ||
+ | |||
+ | FYI, we entertained the ‘flat’ orientation for a while in the early design phase, but for the reasons outlined above, we gave up on that rather quickly. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== How much water does the laboratory use? ==== | ||
+ | //(from Brad Bull)// Our estimated annual usage is about 36M gallons. Peak is 250k a day during the hottest time of year. Most of the water is used for evaporative cooling (cooling towers). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== What will happen to the cyclotrons when they are removed to make way for the FRIB linac? ==== | ||
+ | //(from Brad Sherrill)// | ||
+ | They might be repurposed for other research at MSU. There are no plans to send them anywhere. | ||
==== Can I get a tour of the FRIB tunnel? ==== | ==== Can I get a tour of the FRIB tunnel? ==== | ||
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* Must be more than 16 years old | * Must be more than 16 years old | ||
* Safety gear will be provided | * Safety gear will be provided | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Fun FRIB facts ==== | ||
+ | //(from Brad Bull's Staff Info talk 6/24/17)// | ||
+ | * Concrete: ~35000 cubic yards | ||
+ | * Steel: >10 million lbs | ||
+ | * Soil excavated: ~150,000 cubic yards | ||
+ | * that soil would make a mountain 175 feet high | ||
+ | * Much off-side fabrication (two sites in Lansing) sped up work | ||
+ | * Power consumption: 18 MW | ||
+ | * Final square footage: 580,000 (double what NSCL was before) | ||
+ | * Planning, design, and construction are only 10-20% of total cost of ownership! | ||
==== What is the heaviest rare isotope beam ever studied at NSCL? ==== | ==== What is the heaviest rare isotope beam ever studied at NSCL? ==== | ||
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* 2013: ReA3 reaccelerator commissioned. | * 2013: ReA3 reaccelerator commissioned. | ||
* 2015: ReA3 experiments begin. | * 2015: ReA3 experiments begin. | ||
- | * 2016: Cyclotron Gas Stopper online? | + | * 2019: Cyclotron Gas Stopper online? |
* 2022: FRIB comes online? | * 2022: FRIB comes online? | ||